METHODOLOGY
The EYE dashboard building inherently recognizes that a phenomenon such as youth employment is multidimensional in nature and therefore can only be described by a combination of its dimensions. Thus, the dashboard seeks to capture developments in youth economic engagement and policy frameworks through two key sub-constructs, the Youth Job Situation and the Youth Job Enablers, designed to complement each other.
The Youth Employment Situation (YES) indicators are designed to measure youth employment outcomes and, by implication, to capture youth’s contribution to their countries’ economic development.
The YES dimension rely on ILO modelled estimates to the extent possible; where these are lacking on the dashboard, missing data are left without color. For the youth, there is paucity of data on remuneration and terms of employment, youth underemployment and informal employment as well as the Youth Not in Education Employment and Training (NEET), which are critical indicators of job quality and social exclusion that lead to extreme vulnerability in the labor markets of most countries in Africa
Dimensions and Variables for Youth Employment Situation
Dimension | Indicator Variables and Measurement | Data source |
Youth Employment Situation | Youth Unemployment Rate | International Labor Organization (ILO) |
Youth Employment to Population Ratio | ||
Youth Labor Force Participation | ||
Youth Unemployment (% of Youth Labor Force Participation) | ||
Youth Unemployment rate (% of Adult Unemployment Rate) | ||
Youth Working from Extremely and Moderately Poor Households | ||
Youth Not in Employment, Education and Training | ||
Youth time-related underemployment | ||
Youth Employment Situation by Gender | Youth Unemployment Rate - Female (YUR-F) (2018) | International Labor Organization (ILO) |
Youth Unemployment Rate - Male (YUR-M) (2018) | ||
Youth Employment to Population Ratio - Female (YEPR-F) (2018) | ||
Youth Employment to Population Ratio - Male (YEPR-M) (2018) | ||
Quality of Employment | Unemployment by Basic Education | International Labor Organization (ILO) |
Employment by hours worked per week | ||
Youth Long-term Unemployment Duration | ||
Employment by Sector | Employment By Sector - Agriculture | International Labor Organization (ILO) |
Employment by Sector - Industry | ||
Employment by Sector - Services | ||
Employment by Occupation | Managers | International Labor Organization (ILO) |
Professionals | ||
Technicians and associate professionals | ||
Clerical support workers | ||
Service and sales workers | ||
Craft and related trades workers | ||
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers | ||
Elementary and skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers | ||
Labor Market Overview | Labor Dependency ratio | UNESCO |
Total Employment (% of population aged 15-64) | World Bank/WDI
| |
Self-employment (% of Total Employment) | ||
Part-time Employment |
The Youth Employment Enabler (YEE) indicators measure countries’ enactment (and implementation) of policies and regulations regarded as favorable to youth employment. Variables in the YEE are obtained from different sources including Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Bank’s World Development Indicators, African Development Bank, UNESCO, Youth Policy Labs, Commonwealth, and OpenAfrica. The YEE indicators reasonably represents the policy and macro environments in Africa that support employment creation in general but with a specific focus on their collective ability to boost employment creation for and empowerment of the youth
Dimensions and Variables for Youth Employment Enablers
Dimension | Indicator Variable | Measurement | Data Sources |
Government and institutional framework for youth support | Existence of a national youth policy | 1 = existing youth policy, 0.5 = youth policy in development or draft, 0 = no youth policy | Youth Policy Labs (youthpolicy.org) |
Existence of public-sector financial support structure for youth entrepreneurship | 1 = existing youth policy, 0.5 = youth policy in development or draft, 0 = no youth policy | Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) | |
Existence of government institution primarily responsible for youth | 1 = existing youth policy, 0.5 = youth policy in development or draft, 0 = no youth policy | Youth Policy Labs (youthpolicy.org) | |
Youth Development Index | Index numbers capturing five key dimensions of youth development: education, health, employment, and civic and political participation | Commonwealth | |
Government Expenditure on Education | Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) | World Bank WDI | |
Youth Education, Training and Development; and Health | Secondary school enrolment | Total (gross) enrolment in secondary education, any age, as percentage of population of official secondary education age | UNESCO/WDI |
Adolescents out of school | % of lower secondary school age | World Bank WDI | |
Youth Literacy Rate | Percentage of the youth (population aged 15–24) who can read and write | ||
Adolescent fertility rate | Number of births per 1,000 female 15–19-year-olds | ||
Business environment | Africa Infrastructure Development Index | Index numbers comprising of various physical infrastructure dimensions | African Development Bank (AfDB) |
Starting a business cost (% of income per capita) | All official fees and fees for legal or professional services if such services are required by law as a percentage of GDP per capita | World Bank/WDI | |
Mobile Cellular Subscription | Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people |
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